POULTRY - NEWCASTLE DISEASE

Cause: Avian paramyxovirus (NDV) Highly contagious, spread through direct contact, contaminated feed/water/equipment, clothing, and airborne transmission over short distances. The virus can survive for weeks in the environment. Clinical Signs ● Coughing, sneezing, rattling breathing ● Yellowish-green diarrhoea ● Nervous signs (tremors, twisted neck) ● Depression ● Drop in egg production, soft-shelled eggs Control & Prevention ● Vaccination ● Strict biosecurity: control access, disinfect footwear/vehicles, control vectors (wild birds, rodents, insects), maintain sanitation. ● No cure; provide supportive treatment.